Text: The Ottoman Empire

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Chronology: the 16th-18th centuries
Demography: around 150,000 Jews in the 17th century, of whom approximately 30,000 lived in Istanbul and Salonika
Did you know?
Tu Bishvat, which initially was an agricultural-religious festival associated with donations and tithes, became a major holiday only in the 18th century after groups of Kabbalists in the Ottoman Empire established the Tu Bishvat Seder
Numerous works written in the Ladino language were prevalent throughout the Ottoman Empire