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The Muslims conquered the Middle East at the beginning of the 7th century and reached the Land of Israel. Jews received the inferior status of ahl al-dhimma but were allowed to live in Jerusalem. In those years, most Jews lived in Jerusalem, Tiberias, Ramle and Jaffa. In the middle of the 9th century, Jews began to suffer from persecutions and anti-Jewish laws, in addition to increasing economic hardship. Some Jews from Babylonia and the Arabian Peninsula settled in the Land of Israel during that period.
