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hellenist culture – with its armies, aesthetics and philosophy – formed the foundation of Western civilization. The armies of Alexander the Great and the Roman legions that came after them imparted Greco-Roman culture to the world, including to the Jews who lived in the Land of Israel.
In the 4th and 5th centuries, there was a split in the Roman Empire. Its western part was eventually conquered by barbarian tribes, whereas the Byzantine Empire evolved out of its eastern half.
