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When was the siddur – the book of prayer familiar to us today – created?
The heads of the Talmudic academies (yeshivot) of Babylonia did much to unify Jewish law (halakha) and lifestyle. They wrote the foundations of the set prayers into hebrew. In the 9th century, Rabbi Amram Gaon arranged the first complete prayer book which is still the framework for many of the prayer books used today. However, there has always been variations in the prayers and prayer books of different Jewish communities. Communities in the Middle Ages would add their own local traditions to their prayer books.
