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Prior to the 19th century, it was Islam that served as a platform for Jew hatred in Muslim countries. In the 19th century, however, driven by opposition to colonialism with which Jews were perceived as colluding, elements of European antisemitism also penetrated Arab society. hence, Jews were accused of being alien to the local culture. In the 20th century, antisemitism in Muslim countries intensified as a result of the national struggle between Jews and Arabs in Palestine.
