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(1871-1919)
A Polish-born communist revolutionary and lawyer . She was instrumental in founding the Communist Party of Germany, objected to the use of violence, and fought for the rights of children and the working class. She fled to Switzerland to escape detention in Germany for her political activities. There, she studied natural sciences, law, and economics, and earned a PhD in law after writing a dissertation on the industrial development of Poland. Luxemburg was sentenced to prison for opposing World War I and establishing a revolutionary Marxist organization. She was murdered in 1919 by an extreme right-wing militia in Germany.
