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French physicist in the field of quantum optics, cowinner with Steven Chu and William Daniel Philips of the 1997 Nobel Prize for Physics. Born in Constantine, French Algeria. Immigrated to France in 1953, studied at Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he earned his PhD. Taught and studied at the University of Paris and the Collège de France in Paris. Wrote an influential books in the fields of quantum electrodynamics and quantum optics. He co-developed a technique that slows down atoms and cools them using light and laser beams. The technique eases studying atoms and manipulating uncharged particles and is used in particle traps in the fields of biology, chemistry and physics.
