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On the eve of the establishment of the State of Israel, around 950,000 Jews were living in Muslim countries. Their living conditions began to deteriorate during the 20th century and they also faced real danger as a result of the Balfour Declaration, growing Arab nationalism and the radicalization of the Jewish-Arab conflict in Palestine. The surge of violence reached a climax after the United Nations adopted the Partition Plan for Palestine on November 29, 1947 and intensified even further following the War of Independence and the establishment of the State of Israel. Within a few years, the vast majority of the Jews left the Arab countries as refugees.
