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During the 19th century, some European rulers attempted to reinstate the regimes that had existed prior to the French Revolution. Consequently, waves of liberal revolts broke out in 1848 that were known as the Spring of Nations. Many Jews joined these uprisings, believing they would expedite the long-awaited equal rights for all citizens – including the Jews.
Although the Spring of Nations failed, Jews continued to integrate into the life of their respective countries as well as various ideological and nationalistic movements. Some even attained high positions in politics.
