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The regional empires granted varying degrees of self-rule to the Jews living in the Land of Israel.
That was the case during most of the Second Temple period.
The Jews enjoyed the greatest degree of autonomy
following the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucids (167-160 BCE).
The revolt led to the establishment of the Hasmonean Kingdom,
which existed for about eighty years and was ruled by kings and priests from the Hasmonean dynasty.
The conquest of the Land of Israel by the Roman Empire in 63 BCE brought an end to the kingdom.
Subsequent to that, and up to the founding of the State of Israel,
there was no independent Jewish rule in the country.
